乌灵胶囊治疗焦虑性失眠症临床研究

目的:观察乌灵胶囊对焦虑性失眠症患者的心理及睡眠质量的改善效果,为临床治疗焦虑性失眠症提供参考。方法:选择159例焦虑性失眠症患者为研究对象。按照随机数字表法分为对照组79例与观察组80例。对照组给予盐酸帕罗西汀片治疗,观察组给予乌灵胶囊治疗。治疗1个月后,比较分析2组患者睡眠质量、汉密尔顿焦虑量表评分(HAMA)及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组总有效率为91.25%,明显高于对照组的78.48%(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组患者HAMA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗1、2个月后,观察组HAMA评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组总不良反应发生率为6.25%,明显低于对照组的18.99%(P<0.05)。结论:乌灵胶囊治疗焦虑性失眠症能明显改善患者的睡眠质量以及心理状况,值得推广应用。     

针刺加重复经颅磁刺激治疗脑卒中后失眠的临床观察

目的:评价“通督调神法”针刺加重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗脑卒中后失眠的临床疗效。方法:将72例脑卒中后失眠患者随机分为2组,每组36例。对照组采用频率1 Hz、运动阈值90%的rTMS治疗,观察组在对照组rTMS治疗基础上加“通督调神法”针刺治疗。穴位取百会、神庭、印堂、风府、四神聪、神门、三阴交、申脉和照海。每日治疗1次,每周治疗5d后休息2d,共治疗4周。现察两组治疗后匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、焦虑自测量表(SAS)和抑部自测量表(SDS)评分改善情况,并进行两组临床疗效比较。结果:治疗4周后,两组PSQK SAS及SDS评分均降低,组内差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);观察组治疗后三项评分均低于对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.001),现察组和对照组临床疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:“通督调神法”针刺加rTMS治疗脑卒中后失眠疗效优于单独rTMS治疗,且能更好地改善患者焦虑、抑耶情绪。     

温针灸对功能性便秘患者临床症状及焦虑抑郁的改善作用

目的:探讨温针灸对功能性便秘(FC)患者临床症状及焦虑抑郁的改善作用。方法:选取2017年1月至2017年12月中国中医科学院广安门医院南区收治的FC患者70例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组35例。对照组采用常规针刺治疗,观察组采用温针灸治疗,比较治疗前后2组患者便秘临床症状积分、首次排便时间、中医证候评分、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分。结果:观察组有效率96. 00%,对照组有效率68. 00%,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。治疗后2组患者的周排便次数、粪便性状积分和排便困难程度均改善,中医证候评分、SAS和SDS评分下降,较治疗前差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。治疗后,观察组患者的周排便次数、粪便性状积分高于对照组,中医证候评分、SDS和SAS评分、首次排便时间以及排便困难程度积分小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:温针灸治疗能调节胃肠道运动、润湿肠道、显著改善便秘等临床症状,对FC患者有显著临床效果。     

温阳通脉方联合抗抑郁药及认知行为干预对恐惧性姿势性眩晕患者的临床研究

目的:探讨温阳通脉方联合抗抑郁药及认知行为干预治疗恐惧性姿势性眩晕(PPV)的临床疗效。方法:选取2015年6月至2017年6月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的PPV患者78例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组39例,对照组采用抗抑郁药及认知行为干预治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予温阳通脉汤加减治疗,连续治疗4周,随访6个月。治疗前后采用国际眩晕评分量表(DHI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定患者的临床症状及心理状态改善情况,检测并比较2组治疗前后凝血功能指标变化,统计2组临床疗效及随访期间复发情况。结果:治疗后,观察组临床总有效率89. 74%,明显高于对照组的69. 23%(P 0. 05)。治疗后2组躯体症状评分、心理因子评分、社会功能评分、DHI总分、HAMD评分及HAMA评分均较治疗前明显下降(P 0. 01),且观察组各项评分均低于对照组(P 0. 05或P 0. 01)。治疗后对照组各项凝血功能指标无明显变化(P 0. 05),观察组PT、APTT明显延长,且长于对照组,FIB及D-D水平明显降低,且低于对照组(P 0. 01)。随访期间,观察组、对照组复发率分别为12. 82%、17. 95%,2组间复发率差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)结论:PPV患者在抗抑郁药及认知行为干预的基础上应用温阳通脉方治疗效果显著,不仅有效降低患者各种负面情绪,同时改善了血液高凝状态及眩晕症状,具有一定的临床推广价值。     

Determinants of Tobacco Use among Children of a Rural Village in India: An Exploratory Qualitative Study

Background: Tobacco is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths. It is both a major social and health problem. According to National Sample Survey Organization of Government of India about 20 million children of ages 10-14 are estimated to be tobacco-addicted. There are grave consequences of tobacco both socially and also on health thus it is of utmost importance to understand the factors leading to its use and to plan strategies to reduce its intake. However, the health implications of this social issue in a rural context have not been explored. Aims and Objective: this study makes an attempt to explore the health and social implications of tobacco usage by the children below the age of 14 years in hamlet. Materials and Methods:  The present study employed a qualitative study design. Data was collected using focus group discussion and in-depth interview of key informants. Thematic analysis for exploring the explicit and implicit meanings within the data was done. The themes which emerged were knowledge about tobacco and the various products available, children and parents’ tobacco use and habits, the health and social implication of tobacco use, reasons for tobacco use by the children. Results: It was found tobacco use by the children was very common in the community. Parent, peer pressure, sibling pressure were found to be playing important role in the initiation of tobacco habit by the child. Further illiteracy and lack of awareness was also lead to tobacco use among children. Conclusion: The study identifies education and awareness of parents about the ill-effects of tobacco play an important role as parents act as role model for their children, thus equal stress should be laid in improving the parental habits. Even raising the prices of tobacco products can help in controlling this habit.     

Chronic Stress Remodels Synapses in an Amygdala Circuit–Specific Manner

Background

Chronic stress exposure increases the risk of developing various neuropsychiatric illnesses. The behavioral sequelae of stress correlate with dendritic hypertrophy and glutamate-related synaptic remodeling at basolateral amygdala projection neurons (BLA PNs). Yet, though BLA PNs are functionally heterogeneous with diverse corticolimbic targets, it remains unclear whether stress differentially impacts specific output circuits.

Relación entre estrés y malestar psicológico de los padres y problemas emocionales y conductuales en niños preescolares con trastorno del espectro autista

IntroductionThe Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterised by general deficits in social communication, stereotypes, and restricted interests. The ASD have a high prevalence of additional psychiatric disorders that make their daily functioning worse, and reduces the quality of life of them and their families.Material and methodsIn an effort to identify family environmental characteristics that may influence in the course of additional psychiatric disorders, this study has focused on the symptoms of parental stress and psychological distress as possible risk factors. A cross-section study was carried out on the relationship between the stress and psychological distress of the parents and its relationship with co-existing psychopathology in a population of pre-school children with ASD (2-6 years).Results and conclusionsHigh levels of stress and psychological distress of the parents arealready associated, since early childhood, with co-existing psychiatric symptoms, specifically with emotional and behavioural problems (p < 0.05). However, further longitudinal studies are needed for a better understanding of the causal relationship between these variables and their possible bidirectional relationship.